The moulds The elements of the moulds used for the formation of structural reinforced concrete members are separated in four categories: The mould elements might be conventional or industrialized. The former are mainly made out of natural timber and based on their section dimensions they are called: The elements of a conventional scaffold are made […]
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The construction methods of the structural elements of the building’s frame The materials In earthquake prone regions, the most crucial factor of the reinforced concrete building’s strength is the reinforcement placed inside its structural frame. As a rule, in an already built structure the load bearing frame is not visible. Also, during its
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BEHAVIOR OF THE STRUCTURAL FRAME Reinforced concrete is composed of two materials, concrete (beton) and reinforcement. The reinforcement is usually made out of steel and rarely, at least for the time being, is made out of composite materials, composites. The reinforcement is divided in two basic categories: (a) the longitudinal reinforcement in the form
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STRUCTURAL FRAME LOADING The structural frame is designed to withstand, in a constant basis, the vertical gravitational loads (self weight, masonry walls, floor coverings, cars, furniture, people etc) and not in a continuous but in a periodical basis, the wind and snow actions. Moreover it must always bear the “self in- duced” loadings caused
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Structural frame elements Columns The vertical load bearing elements of the structural frame are usually called with their common name, columns. However due to their varied behavior, their different design rules and most of all, their differences in reinforcement and detailing, they are separated into three major catego- ries: columns, shear walls and composite
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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS The structural frame Introduction Every structure consists of the load bearing system which is usually constructed by reinforced concrete, steel or by a combination of those two materials. This book deals with building frames made out of reinforced concrete (RC). The structural frame might not be visible externally in the final stage
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