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Composite elements

EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS Composite elements

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Composite elements A composite column is every vertical element composed by a number of rectangular members, one of which is considered to be a shear wall i.e. has a length to thickness ratio ≥ 4. The simplest composite column is the one-member shear wall, like S1. From a static point of view, S1 is composed […]

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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS Structural frame elements

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  Structural frame elements Columns The vertical load bearing elements of the structural frame are usually called with their common name, columns. However due to their varied behavior, their different design rules and most of all, their differences in reinforcement and detailing, they are separated into three major catego- ries: columns, shear walls and composite

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